Christopher Columbus first set foot in the Americas on Oct. 12, 1492. Today, people from across the globe disagree over whether Columbus deserves acclamation or condemnation. Some who take the latter view feel so strongly that they have demolished monuments representing him: Chicago authorities temporarily removed his monuments in Grant Park and Arrigo Park on July 23; in Baltimore, demonstrators removed a statue of the navigator and threw it into the sea on July 4. In Baltimore, demonstrators removed a statue of the navigator and threw it into the sea on July 4.
Columbus was a sugar buyer in the Mediterranean and African Atlantic in the 1470s. One of his trips took him to Madeira, where he wooed the daughter of a knight serving Prince Henry the Navigator, a Portuguese royal. Columbus’s marriage to her would produce his first son, Diego.
There is no evidence that Columbus sought to approach the Americas (known then by Europeans as the Indies, due to their incomplete knowledge of the world) before 1486. However, he convinced the Spanish Crown that safe travel to the West was possible in 1492. He hoped to call come to Japan along the way.’
Christopher Columbus mistakenly believed he knew where he was going, but that confidence helped him to overcome the voyage’s difficulties. A document kept by The American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia explains that Columbus received a map and a letter from Paolo Toscanelli, a fellow navigator with whom Columbus had correspondence in 1474. The map, which has since been lost, showed a vast, unknown island west of Spain known as “Antillia.” Columbus concluded that not only was the Earth round but that he could reach China and India by sailing west.
Columbus’s ships sailed from the Spanish town Palos de la Frontera on Aug. 3, 1492. They made landfall in what today is the Bahamas on Oct. 12. He returned with six indigenous people, gold, precious stones and other goods, which he offered them to the crown in Barcelona. He made two more voyages in 1493 and 1498 but was unable to open the promised trade route to China.
His letters were compiled in “The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus,” and published in the 19th century. They say that the Spanish Crown stripped him of his position of Governor of the Indies, leaving him with only the title of “Admiral of the Ocean Sea.” His descendants then sued the Crown for the restoration of his titles. These lawsuits became known as the Pleitos colombinos (“Columbian lawsuits”), a lengthy legal ordeal that did not end until 1541.
The monarchs permitted Columbus a fourth voyage in 1502. In this final expedition, he explored coastal areas of Central America, discovering the land of the countries known today as Panama, Nicaragua, and Colombia.
Christopher Columbus died in 1506, in Valladolid, Spain. His legacy remains in the connection between the two halves of the world.
(Translated by Mario Vazquez. Edited by Mario Vazquez and Gabriela Olmos.)
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